01 - Set your grill or grill pan to medium-high heat and allow it to reach full temperature before cooking.
02 - In a small mixing bowl, combine the finely ground coffee, brown sugar, smoked paprika, chili powder, garlic powder, onion powder, and cayenne pepper. Stir until all spices are evenly incorporated.
03 - Divide the ground beef into 4 equal portions and shape each into a patty slightly wider than the burger buns to account for shrinkage. Season both sides generously with kosher salt, black pepper, and the prepared coffee rub, pressing the seasoning gently into the meat to adhere.
04 - In a small saucepan, combine the ketchup, apple cider vinegar, brown sugar, Worcestershire sauce, liquid smoke, smoked paprika, garlic powder, black pepper, and salt. Bring to a simmer over medium-low heat and cook for 5 to 7 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the sauce thickens. Remove from heat and set aside.
05 - Place the seasoned patties on the hot grill and cook for 4 minutes on the first side. Flip each patty, top with cheddar cheese if desired, and continue grilling for 3 to 4 additional minutes for medium doneness. During the final minute, place the burger buns cut-side down on the grill to toast.
06 - Spread a generous layer of smoky BBQ sauce on the bottom half of each toasted bun. Layer with lettuce, the coffee-rubbed patty, sliced tomato, red onion, pickles, and an extra drizzle of sauce. Cap with the top bun and serve immediately while hot.