01 - Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Cook pasta according to package directions until al dente. Drain thoroughly, rinse under cold water to halt cooking, and set aside to cool completely.
02 - If using fresh corn, heat a grill pan or cast-iron skillet over high heat. Place whole ears directly on the surface and char, turning occasionally, until kernels are lightly blackened on all sides, about 5 to 7 minutes. Cut kernels from cobs. If using frozen corn, thaw completely and sear in a hot skillet with a touch of oil until lightly smoky and golden.
03 - In a large mixing bowl, combine the cooled pasta, charred corn kernels, halved cherry tomatoes, diced red onion, chopped cilantro, and jalapeño if using. Toss gently to distribute evenly.
04 - In a separate small bowl, whisk together the mayonnaise, sour cream (or Greek yogurt), lime juice, smoked paprika, chili powder, kosher salt, and black pepper until smooth and well blended.
05 - Pour the dressing over the pasta and vegetable mixture. Toss gently but thoroughly, ensuring every component is evenly coated.
06 - Add the crumbled cotija cheese to the bowl and fold gently until evenly dispersed throughout the salad.
07 - Transfer to a serving bowl. Scatter additional chopped cilantro over the top and arrange lime wedges alongside. Serve chilled or at room temperature.