01 - Preheat the oven to 425°F. Line a baking sheet with parchment paper or lightly grease it.
02 - In a large bowl, whisk together the flour, sugar, baking soda, salt, and caraway seeds.
03 - If using raisins or currants, stir them into the dry mixture until evenly coated with flour.
04 - In a separate bowl, whisk together the buttermilk, beaten egg, and melted butter until combined.
05 - Create a well in the center of the dry ingredients. Pour the wet mixture into the well.
06 - Mix gently with a wooden spoon or hands until a shaggy dough forms. Avoid overmixing to preserve texture.
07 - Turn dough onto a lightly floured surface. Knead just until it comes together, approximately 10–12 turns.
08 - Shape dough into a round loaf measuring 7–8 inches in diameter.
09 - Place loaf on the prepared baking sheet. Use a sharp knife to cut a deep X across the top of the loaf.
10 - Bake for 35–40 minutes until golden brown. The bread is done when it sounds hollow when tapped on the bottom.
11 - Transfer to a wire rack and cool for at least 30 minutes before slicing to ensure proper texture.