01 - Bring a large pot of generously salted water to a rolling boil. Add the mafaldine pasta and cook until al dente according to package directions. Reserve ½ cup of the starchy cooking water before draining.
02 - While the pasta cooks, blanch the broccoli florets in boiling water for 2 to 3 minutes until they turn vivid green and are just barely tender. Drain thoroughly and set aside.
03 - In a large skillet, heat the olive oil over medium heat. Sauté the shallot and garlic for 1 to 2 minutes until fragrant but not browned. Add the blanched broccoli, lemon zest, and chili flakes, cooking for another 2 minutes while tossing to coat everything evenly.
04 - Add the drained mafaldine and reserved pasta water to the skillet, tossing well to combine. Stir in the lemon juice, grated Parmigiano-Reggiano, and black pepper. Cook for 1 to 2 minutes until the sauce becomes slightly creamy and clings to the pasta.
05 - Remove the skillet from heat. Sprinkle with freshly chopped basil or parsley and adjust the seasoning with additional lemon juice, salt, or pepper as needed.
06 - Serve immediately in warmed bowls, topped with extra grated Parmigiano-Reggiano if desired.